Stabilizer



Nov. 12, 1929.

A. w. F. MANZEL STABILIZER Filed Feb. 27, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet l //v ViVfO/Pq m MW Nov. 12, 1929. A. w. F. MANZEL STABILIZER Filed Feb. 27,l928 3 Sheets-Sheet Nov. 12, 1929. I A. w. F. MANZEL STABILIZER FiledFeb. 27, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet Patented Nov. 12 1929 OFFICE ADoLPH w. F.MANZEL, F

BUFFALO, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR'TO MANZEL BROTHERS (70., OF BUFFALO, NEWYORK STABILIZER Application filed February 27, 1928. Serial No. 257,293.

This invention relates to stabilizers for controlling relative movementsof two parts, and particularly to the type commonly known as shockabsorbers and widely used on motor vehicles for controlling relativemovements of the chassis frame and axles.

An object of this invention is to generally improve and simplifystabilizers.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved stabilizer inwhich the operating arm may be connected to an oscillating shaft in asimple, effective manner; with which relative movement of the arm andshaft will be effectively prevented; and with which the arm may beeasily and quickly removed should occasion demand. I

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved stabilizerof the fluid control type, with which relative movement in one directionof the parts to be controlled may be selectively and variably regulatedindependently of the regulation or control of the relative movement inthereverse direction; with which leakage of the control fluid will beeffectively prevented; and with which expansions and contractions of thecontrol fluid will be permitted without interference with the operationof the stabilizer.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved stabilizerwhich may be secured to one of the parts to be controlled in a simpleand practical manner; and which may belargely or entirely formed ofmalleable metal and drawn or die formed to the desired size and form.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved stabilizerof the fluid controlled type, with which the use of packing to preventloss of fluid will be largely or entirely unnecessary.

A further object "of the invention is to provide. an improved stabilizerof the fluid control type having improved Valve devices for controllingthe fluid flow created by operation of'the movable parts of thestabilizer; with which the resistance to operation of the movable partsmay be varied in a simple and practical manner; and with which maximumtravel of the displacement member in a relatively small casing may beobtained in a simple manner.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved stabilizerwhich will be relatively simple, compact, light in Weight, effective inaction, durable and inexpensive.

Various other objects and advantages will be apparent from the followingdescription of embodiments of the invention, and the novel features willbe particularly pointed out hereinafter in connection with the appendedclaims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a stabilizer of the fluid control type,constructed in accordance with this invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan of the same;

Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the same;

' Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the same, with the casing applied to oneof the parts to be controlled;

Fig. 5 is a transverse, sectional elevation of the same, the sectionbeing taken approximately along the line 55 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is another sectional elevation of the same, with the sectiontaken approximately along the line 66 of Fig. 2; I

Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation similar to Fig. 6, but illustrating theparts in a different operative condition; Fig. 8 is a front elevation'ofthe partition wall dividing the shell into two compartments; I

Fig. 9 is a plan of the same;

Fig. 10 is a transverse section of the same, the section being takenapproximately along the line 10-1O of Fig. 8;

F ig.' 11 is a fragmentary, sectional eleva- .tlOIl of a portion of thedevice, and illustrating a modified construction of the control valve; v

Fig. 12 is a similar, fragmentary sectional elevation illustrating astill further embodiment of the controlling valve device; and

Fig. 13 is an elevation of the valve sleeve. In the embodiment of theinvention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 10, the stabilizer includes .a shell1 of cylindrical shape, having a tubular boss 2 extending axiallyoutwardly from one end wall thereof and, closed at its outer Q spacedpoints of the shell, and this wall has end. The opposite end wall 3 ofthe casing may be removably attached to the shell in any suitablemanner, such as by threading the wall 3 into the open side of the shell1, as shown clearly in Fig. 5. The shaft 4 extends through a boss 50fthe removable end wall 3, and is rotatably supported in the tubular boss2 in the opposite end wall of the shell. The portion of the shaftbetween the end walls of the shell has an arcuate peripheral portion orsurface 7 for considerably more than halfof its periphery, andtheremaining periphery is undercut and merges into a laterally extendingwing 8 which has a thickness considerably less than the diameter of thearcuate portion 7. The wing 8 at its free end extends into closeproximity to and fits the inner periphery of the shell 1, with onlysufiicient clearance between the free end of the wing" 8 and the innerperiphery of the shell to provide for lubrication between them.

A partition wall 9 extends chordlike across the, interior of the shellbetween peripherally an arcuate bearing surface 10 bearing upon thearcuate portion 7 of the shaft 4. The wall 9 has arcuate ends which fittightly against the inner arcuate periphery of the shell, and is heldagainst displacement or rotation by sleeves 11 which are insertedthrough apertures 12 in the periphery of the shell and threaded intoopenings or cavities 13 in the ends of the wall 9. A sleeve 11 isprovided for each end of the wall 9, and the outer end of each sleeve isclosed by a plug 14 which is threaded into the interior of the sleevefor adjustment to various extents along the sleeve.

The wall 9 divides the interior of the shell into two compartments, oneof which may be designated or referred to as a control chamber 15 inwhich the shaft 4 and the wing 8 are disposed, and the other of whichmay be referred to as a reservoir-16. The wall 9 is provided with aplurality of passages 17 leading from the control chamber 15 at oppositesides of the shaft, and then ex tending approximately radially of theshell to the openings or cavities 13 in the outer ends of the partitionwall 9. A branch passage 18 leads from the radial section of eachpassage 17 to the reservoir 16. A

piston 19 fits and slides in the radialsection of each passage 17 fromthe openings or cavities 13, and each pistonmayhave a collar 20 thereonlimiting the extent tp which it will I move radially and inwardly in thepassage 17. Preferably each piston 19 extends nearly across the openingfrom the passage 17 into the branch passage 18, so as to normally permitbut a slight or restricted fluid flow from the passage 17 to the branchpassage 18. A.

helical compression spring 21 is fitted over the outer end of eachpiston 19 and compressed between it and the inner face ofthe will bepushed outwardl and the fluid flow into the uncovered branc passage 18will increase.

Thus the greater the pressure in the passage 17, the reater will be theextent of movement of t e piston 19 and consequently the larger therestricted opening through which the fluid passes from the passage 17 tothe passage 18. A tubular cap 22 is threaded over and closes the outerend of the sleeve, and at its inner end seats against a shoulder 23 orcollar on the outer periphery of the sleeve 11. The outer end of eachsleeve 11 may be provided with a purality' of radial slits or slots 24which extend from the outer end of the sleeve lengthwise thereof forsome extent and towards the shoulder '23. r v The threads within theclosing cap 22 are preferably tapered in a converging manner towards theclosed end of the cap, so that when the cap is threaded upon the outerend of its related sleeve ,11,

its tapered threads will force the sections formed by the slits 24inwardly into tight engagement with the lug 14:. To facilitate theinward flexing of t e sections of the slotted end of the sleeve 11, thesleeve may be provided with an annular groove 25 adjacent the shoulder23, and in its outer periphery. When the cap 22 is threaded over thesleeve 11 and seated against the shoulder 23 the slotted end sections atthe outer end of each sleeve 11 will be wedged or clamped between thecap and the plug 14, with the result that the plug 14 will be tightlfurther adjustment in eitli the cap 22 will be firmly secured againstbeing unthreaded from the sleeve 11. The seating of the cap 22 againstthe shoulder 23 tightly closes the outer end of the sleeve 11;

The outer end of the shaft 4 may be noncircular or polygonal inshape,such as hexagonal, and an operating arm 26 is provided, adjacent oneend, with a hexagonal aperture 27 which is fitted over the hexagonal endof the shaft 4. The end of the arm 26'ad-jacent 'the aperture 27 thereofis clamped against er direction, and

gether and tightly clamped upon the hexagonal end of the shaft 24. Toprevent endwise displacement of the arm 26 upon the shaft 4," a kerf orslot 30 maybe cut transversely acrossthe hexagonal end of the shaft atone side thereof (Fig. 5) and the screw 29 extendsthrough this kerf orslot and thus acts as a key which prevents removal of the arm 26 endwiseof the shaft. The free end of the arm 26 may have an eye 31 forconnection to one of the parts to be controlled, such as to the axle ofa motor vehicle.

The partition wall 9 may also have a pair of passages or conduits 32extending therethrough between the reservoir 16 and the control chamber15 at opposite sides of the wing 8. These conduits or passages 32 arepreferably larger than the passages 17 and 18 so as to permit free fluidflow therethrough, and

each passage or conduit 32 may have a seat 33 therein against which aball 34 may be pressed bya compression spring 35, the latter-beingconfined under compression within the conduit or passage and against theball by suitable means, such as an annular ring 36 thread ed into oneend of that passage or'conduit. The ball valves 34 are normally heldclosed by the springs and thus prevent fluid flow from the controlchamber to the reservoir, but open freely and permit a reverse flow fromthe reservoirinto the control chamber at both sides of the wing 8. I

When the shaft 4 is oscillated by oscillation of the arm 26, the wing 8will be oscil- 'lated to and fro in the control chamber 15,

and any fluid in the control chamber 15 will be displaced eitherdirection by the oscillations of the wing 8. This control fluid may beany desired fluid but a suitable lubricating oil has been foundverysatisfactory for this purpose because it is easily confinedwithin'the shell and also lubricates the moving parts. When a fluid isdisplaced in either direction in the control chamber, it will passthrough the passages 17 and 18 at the forward side of the wing, and therate of displacement will be'controlle'd by the effective openingbetween the passages 17 and 18 through which the fluid passes into thereservoir. If the movement of the wing 8 is rapid, the pressure upon thefluid in the control chamber at the forward side of the wing willincrease, and this increase in pressure will be exerted upon the piston19 in a manner to push the latter outwardly and increase the effectiveopening into thepassage 18. The greater the pressure in the controlchamber becomes, the

farther will piston 19 be opened, and consequently the greater will bethe fluid flow from the control chamber into the reservoir.

The pressure required to move the piston 19 and enlarge the effectiveopening for fluid flow may be varied by varying the compression of thespring 21 in the manner hereinbefore expla1ned.- As the wing 8 displacesthe fluid in the control chamber in either direction, it will create asuction rearwardly of itself and thereupon the liquid in the reservoir16 will flow to'a limited extent through the passages 17 and 18 into thecontrol chamber at the rear of the wing, and to a larger extent throughone of the, passages or conduits 32 into the control chamber at therear,

ofthe Wing 8, the ball valve in that conduit 32 opening to permit freeflow of thefluid from the reservoir to the control chamber, the fillingof the control chamber rearwardly of the moving wing 8 tends to breakany suction caused by the movement of the wing, and therefore there willbe little resistance to the movement of the wing upon the rear sidethereof.

When the'wing 8 moves in the reverse direction, a reverse operationtakes place, in that the fluid which has entered the control chamber atthe rear of the wing will then be placed under compression and forcedback into the reservoir under'the control of the other piston 19, andduring such operation, the liquid in the reservoir will flowback intothe control chamber at the now rear side of the moving wing 8. Thusregardless of the direction of oscillation of the wing 8, the

resistance at the rear side of the wing will sistance to movement ineither direction may be selectively and inde endently varied as may bedesired, merely By varying the compression of the spring 21.

While some of the fluid passing through each passage 17 may work alongthe piston 19 into the adjacent cavity or opening 13,

there is very little tendency for the fluid to enter the openings orcavities 13, because the passages 18 lead from thepassages 17 along thesides of the pistons 19 into the reservoir which is not under pressure,and therefore the resistance to flow into the reservoir through passages18 is no greater, an'd probably is less, than along the pistons 19 intothe openings or cavities 13. ,However, to prevent any of the fluid thatmight work into the cavities 13 from filling the sleeve 11 and thenworking out of the casing entirely in the event that the cap 22 fails toseal tightly the outer end of the sleeve, a bleed port 37 may beprovided in the partition wall 9 connecting each cavity or opening 13with the interior of the reservoir 16. I

The reservoir 16 may be filled in any suitable manner through an opening38 in the top' of the casing, which opening may be closed by a tubularplug 39 threaded into the opening 38. This plug 39 may have. a cavitytherein open at its inner end to provide an air or pneumatic compressionchamber, enable expansion and contraction of the fluid in the casingwithout injury to any of the parts and without rupture of the within thecasin shell thereof. Even. if the casing isfilled with a fluid until thefluid overflows through the opening 38, when the plug 39 is inserted itwill have a small body. of air trapped in its interior which provides apneumatic compression chamber for permit-ting limited expansion of thefluid of the shell or casing.

The partition wall 9 fitting over the arcuate portion 7 of the shaft maybe reinforced by fins or flanges against bending or breaking, and forconvenience each side of the wall 9 may have an arcuate flange 40extending along the sides ofthe reservoir and fitting against theadjacent end wall of the shell.

To prevent loss of fluid which might work along the shaft 4 through theend wall 3 of the shell, a packing ring or gasket 41 of suitablematerial may be confined against the con cave outer end of the boss 5 bya sleeve 42 I which is threaded over the boss 5, an internal and theadjacent flange 40 of the partition annular flange 43 on the outer endof the sleeve closely fitting the shaft 4 arid forcing the packing ring41 against the concave end of the boss 5. A locking nut 44 may also bethreaded upon the'boss to engage with and a lock the sleeve 42.

However, to prevent further the movement of fluid along the shaft 4 tothe outside of the casing, I, preferably provide an annular groove 45 inthe shaft 4 at a suitable point in its bearing in the cover 3, and theend wall 3 at a'poi'nt in alinement with the groove 45, is

- wall 9 may have an arcuately elongated slot 49 alined with the branchpassage 47. Thus if any fluid works along the shaft 4, it will collectin the annular groove 45 and pass upwardly along the passages 46 and 47and through the slot 49 into the reservoir. There is usually verylittle, if any, pressure in the reservoir, an therefore any fluidworking along the shaft 4 will be conducted into the reservoir insteadof working past the packing ring or gasket 41. Inasmuch as the wall 3 isthreaded into the open side of the casing,

the elongation of the slot 49 permits of a limited adjustment of thewall 3 in order to obtain a perfect closure.

The inner face of the wall 3 has a portion slightly telescoping withinthe inner periphcry of the open end of the shell 1, and a shoulder 50seating against a shoulder 51 in the outer openedge of the shell 1. Theengagement of the shoulders 50 and 51 definite ly locates the inwardthreaded adjustment of the end wall 3, and fixes accurately the distancebetween the inner face of the wall 3 and the opposite closed end of theshell 1.

The distance between the inner faces of the opposite end walls of theshell is approximately the width of the wing 8, there being onlysuflicient clearance to prevent binding, so that there will be nomaterial loss of fluid from one side of the wing to the other as thewing oscillates to and fro in the shell. The

width of the wall 9 is also equal to the width of the wing 8 andtherefore the wall 3 will abut against the sides of the wall 9 and,pre-:vent movement of fluid along the sides of the partition wall.

The threads between the peripheral edge of the end wall 3 and theinnerperiphery of the shell 1 are sufficiently loose fitting to enable aperfect continuous fitting of the shoulders 50 and 51 when the wall 3 isadjusted or threaded inwardly as far as it will go. If the wall 3 istightened into the shell firmly, there is little danger of its becomingloosened with resulting leakage of fluid, but to further prevent anyloosening of the wall 3, any suitable securing or locking means may beprovided. For example, a screw 52 may be threaded into the outer face ofthe wall 3 adjacent its periphery, and the screw may carry a washer 53which overlaps with the exposed edge of the shell 1. Thus when the screw52 is tightened it will provide friction between the washer 53 and theopen end edge of the shell 1 which will prevent unthreading of the wall3 from the shell.

The shell or casing maybe mounted upon one of the parts to be.cgntrolled in any suitable manner. For example, the chassis frame 54 ofan automobile to which the casing is usually attached may have anaperture or opening 55 drilled or punched therein to receive the tubularprojection 2, and a nut 56 may 'be threaded upon the outer end of theboss 2 to clamp the shell firmly against one face of the chassis frame54. A suitable lock washer 57 may be provided on the boss 2 between thenut 56 and the chassis frame 54.

To prevent rotation of the shell 1 in the aper ture 55, the rear face ofthe shell may have one or more studs projecting outwardly therefrom atspaced points, and the chassis frame 54 may have suitable openingsdrilled therein to receive these studs when the shell 1 is drawn againstthe chassis frame. When the shell 1 is formed of malleable metal, the

studs 58 may be formed by pushing or drawthreaded into the cavity oropening 13 in the adjacent end of the partition wall 9. This plug 59 mayhave a cavity or recess 60 extend- .ing lengthwise thereof from itsinner endfor receiving the helical compression spring 21 which bearsupon the piston 19. The plug 59 will be threaded inwardly until ashoulder 61 thereof seats against the outer face of the shell 1 Toprovide for adjustment of the compression of the spring 21, anynumber ofsuitable disks 63 may be disposed in the recess 60 in theplug 59 andagainst the closed end thereof, and by varying the number of disks 63,the compression of the spring may be regulated. The device is otherwisethe same as that of Figs. 1 and'10.

' In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 12 theconstruction is similar to that described in connection with Figs. 1 to10, except that the plugs 14:, springs 21, and pistons 19 are omitted,and a controlling plug 64 threaded into the passage in the sleeve 11.The inner end 65 of the plug 64 is reduced in size or otherwise formedtofit and move along the radial section of the passage 17, and controlthe fluid flow through the latter in a manner similar to the control bythe piston 19, except that with this modified construction there is noautomatic variation of the effective size of the passage 17 when thefluid pressure in the control chamber 15 increased. By screwing theplug'64 inwardly and outwardly, a selected regulation may be obtained ateach side of the vane. This type of valve construction or regulation maybe substituted foreither or both of the regulating valves of Fis.1to11.'

i The operation of a stabilizer constructed in accordance with thisinvention would appear to be obvious from the foregoing description,

but will be briefly stated. Thecasing is filled with a suitable fluid,such as lubricating oil, and the compression of the spring 21 at eachside of the casing suitably regulated. The shell 1 is mounted upon oneof the parts whose movement is to be controlled, and the free end of thearm 26 is suitably. connected to the 'other member whose relativemovement is to be controlled, sothat upon relative movement of the partsto be controlled, the arm 26 will A similar operation occurs when thewing moves'in the opposite direction. Onemay therefore, set thecontrolling valve devices for passages 17 to offer a differentresistance when the oscillation is in one direction than when in theother direction. For example, when the stabilizer is applied to a motorvehicle, it

is desirable to regulate it to offer a minimum resistance during theapproach of the chassis frame and axle, and to offer considerableresistance against separation of those parts such as occurs upon therebound of the chassis frame after the parts have moved toward oneanother. lVith this improved device, thecontrolling valves may be set tooffer only a minimum of resistance to the oscillation of the wing whenthe wing moves in the direction caused by an approach of the frame andaxle,

and to offer a considerable resistance to the wing during rebound. Theregulating plugs 14 and disks 63 will be suitably enclosed, so

that the average user will be less likely to attempt to change or tamperwith the regulation which may be set by the person installing thestabilizers on a motor vehicle. 1 may be formed of malleable metal anddrawn or die formed to the desired shape, and

the removable end wall 3 may be similarly formed or may be cast. Withthis improved stabilizer, oscillation of the pivotedvalve in eitherdirection will be selectively controlled independently of the startingposition of the.

vane, and thus independently of the loading of'the vehicle.

It will be obvious-that various changesin the details, which have beenherein described and illustrated in order toexplain the nature of theinvention, may be made by those skilledv in the art within the principleand scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. A stabilizer for controlling relative movement of two parts,comprising a casing having a partition dividing the same into twocompartments, a member extending into said casing and having a. wingmovable to and fro in one of said compartments for propelling a fluid inthat compartment first in one direction and then the other, a pluralityof conduits, each having a one-way valve, con-. necting saidcompartments at opposite sides of said wing, whereby upon movement ofsaid The shell wing in either direction a fluid may pass through one ofsaid conduits to the space hehind said wing, additional conduits connecting said compartments at oppositesides of said wing, and each having acontrol valve,

whereby a fluid displaced by said wing when I .the latter movesiireither direction may pass into theother of said com artments, andthen return to the rear side 0 said wing, each of said control valvesbeing selectively ad'ust able independently of one another and yield:

.ingly urged towards closed position, and

rection.

2. A stabilizer for controlling relative movement of two parts,comprising a casing having a partition dividing the same into twocompartments, a member extending into said casing and having a wingmovable to and fro in one of said compartments forpropelling a fluid inthat compartment first in one direc-- tion and then the other, aplurality of conduits, each having a one-way valve, connecting saidcompartments at opposite sides of said wing, whereby upon movement ofsaid wing in either direction a fluid may pass through one of saidconduits to the, space behind said wing, and additional conduitsconnecting said'compartments atopposite sides of said wing and eachhaving a control valve, whereby a fluid displaced by said wing when thelatter moves in either direction may pass into the other of saidcompartments, and then return to the rear side of said wing, each ofsaid control valves being yieldingly held in a partially open flowrestricting position and operable, upon application of-pressure in thecompartment containing the wing and at that side ofsaid wing, towardsfurther open position to permit increased flow between saidcompartments; I

3. A stabilize-r for controlling relative movement of two parts,comprising a casing having a partition dividing the salne into twocompartments, a member extending into sa d casing and having a wingmovable to and .fro

in'one of said compartments for propelling a fluid in that compartmentfirst in one direction and then the other, a plurality of conduits, eachhaving a one-way valve, connecting said compartments at opposite sidesof saidiwing, whereby upon movement of said Wing in either direction afluid may pass through one of said conduits to the space behind saidwing, and additional conduits connecting said compartments at oppositesides of said wing and each having a control valve, whereby a fluiddisplaced by said wing when the latter movesin either direction may passinto the other of said compartments, and then return to the rear side of'said wing, each of said control valves being yieldingly urged inclosing direction and held in a partially open flow restricting positionand operable,

.upon application of pressure in the compartment containing the wing andat that side of said wing, towards further open position to permitincreased flow between said compartments, each of said valves being alsoadjustable independently of one another to vary the yielding pressurewith which it is held in fluid restricting position.

4. A stabilizer for relatively moving parts comprising a cylindricalcasing, a shaft mounted for oscillation in opposite ends of said casingand extending through one of said ends, saidshaft having a wingwithinsaid casing and closely fitting the inner periphery of said casingfor movement along the same, said casing having a partition across.

its interior and fitting against said shaft to divide the interior ofsaid easing into a control chamber with said wing, and a reservoir,means permitting one way fluid flow into said reservoir from saidchamber. at both sides of said Wing, said partition having a passagetherethrough at each side of said wing, each of said passages having astraight section extending approximately radially of said casing andhaving a branch extending laterally, from said section into saidreservoir, a piston slidablein each straight section across said lateralbranch thereof to variably restrict flow along said passage into saidbranch, said piston having means limiting its movement ina flowrestricting direction, means carried by said casing and having anabutment adjustable toward and from said piston, and a spring compressedbetween said abutment andsaid piston for holding the piston yieldinglyin its flow restricting position.

5. A stabilizer comprising a cylindrical shell, a shaft extendingbetween the opposite end walls of said shell and through one of said endwalls, said shaft having a lateral wing extending therefrom into closeproximity to the inner periphery of said shell,

a partition member extending across the interior of said shell betweenspaced points of its periphery and engaging with said shaft to dividethe interior of said shell into a control chamber with said wing and areservoir, means extendin through the peripheral wall of said shell andinterlocked with said partition where the partition engages with theinner periphery of said shell, for preventing displacement of saidpartition, said partition having means for conducting fluid therethroughinto said control chamber from said v reservoir at both sides of saidwing, and valve controlled means also associated with said partition forconducting fluid from said chamber at each side of said wing into saidreservoir, each of said valve controlled means being selectivelyadjustable independently of the other, whereby the resistance to fluidflow from said chamber at either side of said wing to said reservoir maybe selectively controlled and varied.

6. In a stabilizer, a casing having a partition across its interiordividing the interior into two separate compartments, a displacementmember fitted between said partition 7 and interior periphery of saidcasing vand movable to and fro in one of said compartments to displacethe contents of that compartment first in one direction and then in theother, a tubular element carried by said casing adjacent opposite endsof said partition, said casing having passages therethrough at oppositesides of said member,

a valve in each element controlling one of said passages, and a bleedpassage connectlng each of said tubular elements with that comtion andthen the other, said casing having passages connecting said compartmentsat opposite sides of said member, a valve for each passage, each valvehaving a member extending into and variably restricting its passage,said casing also. having a bleed port connecting each valve from behindits valve memher with the compartment into which fluid is displacedthrough the control passage, whereby any leakage pasteither valve membermay flow into the compartment into which fluid is displaced.

8. A stabilizer comprising a casing divided into a displacement chamberand a separate reservoir, a displacement member in said chamber fordisplacing fluidtherefrom into said reservoir, said casing having apassage,

connecting said chamber and reservoir, a piston moving in said passageand variably restricting flu1d flow therethrough, a tubular elementcarried by said casing and at its inner end receiving the outer end ofsaid piston, and a spring carried by said tubular element and yieldinglypressing said piston in a direc'tion to restrictfluid flow through saidpassage, said casing also having a bleed port connecting the open end ofsaid tubular element with said reservoir, wherebyany fluid workingpastsaid piston will flow into said reservoir. r

9. A stabilizer comprising a casing divided into a displacement chamberand a separate reservoir, a displacement member in said chamber'fordisplacing fluid therefrom into said reservoir, said casing having apassageconnecting said chamber and reservo r, a

piston moving in'said passage and variably restricting fluid flowtherethrough, atubular element carried by said casing and at its innerend receiving the outer end of said piston, a spring carried by saidtubular element and yieldm-gly pressing'said piston in a direction torestrict fluid flow through said passage, said casing also having ableed 'port connecting the open end of said tubular element with saidreservoir, whereby any fluid working past said iston will flow into saidreservolr, said tubu ar element having means by which the compression ofsaid spring may bevaried.

10. A stabilizer comprising a cylindrical casing having a tubular bossextending axial- -ly therefrom and closed at its outer end, a

shaft in said tubular boss extending across, the interior of said casingand through the opposite end wall thereof, a securing member adjustablymounted on the projecting end of said boss, whereby when said casing isattached to a plate by the passing of its boss through an aperture ofthe plate, said securing member may be attached and tightened to clampthe casing thereto, and means Within said casing for yieldinglyresisting oscillations of said shaft.

11. A stabilizer comprising a cylindrical shell having a removable endwall, a partition wall extending chordlike across the casing betweenspaced points of its inner e-, riphery, said Wall having. passagestherethrough face'to face to provide communica tion between thecompartments into which said wall divides the interior of said casing,

said shell having apertures leading to the abutting ends of said Wall,and valve devices fitted in and closing said apertures in said shell andthreaded into the abutting ends of said wall for holding said wallagainst displacement in said shell and preventing removal of saiddevices, said valve devices controlling fluid flow through said passagesin said Wall, and means extending into said shell at one side of saidwall for displacing fluid therein alternately-in opposite directions,the fluid flow through said passages restricting the movement of saiddisplacing means.

12. A stabilizer comprising a cylindrical casing having a tubular bossextending axially therefrom and closed at its outer end, a shaft in saidtubular -boss extending across the interior'of said casing and throughthe opposite end wall thereof, a securing memer adjustably mounted onthe projecting end of said boss, whereby-when said casing is attached toa plate by the passing of its boss through an aperture of the plate,said securing member may be attached and tightened to clamp the casingthereto, and means within said casing for yieldingly resisting oscillations of said shaft, the end Wall of saidcasing having said tubularboss also having a projecting stud or interlocking engagement'with aplate n which said boss may be ments which may serve as a reservoir, asleeve threaded into said casing, a.plug threaded into'said sleeve foradjustment into and out 'ofthe same, a valve element at the inner end ofsaid sleeve and controlling fluid flow through one of said passages, aspring compressed between said plug and said valve member, whereby thecompression on said valve member may be changed by adjustment of saidplug, said sleeve having a shoulder facing its outer end, and a capthreaded over the outer end of said sleeve and fitted against said.shoulder for concealing said plug and sealing the outer end of saidsleeve.

14. A stabilizer comprising a casing di-- -vided into separatecompartments, a displace ment member in one of said compartments fordisplacing a fluid therein in alternate directions, said casing havingpassages between said compartments for conducting displaced fluid to andfrom the other of said compartments which may serve as a reservoir, asleeve threaded into said casing, a plug threaded into said sleeve foradjustment into and out of the same, a valve element at the inner end ofsaid sleeve and controlling fluid. flow through one of said passages, aspring compressed between said plug and said valve member, whereby thecompression on said valve member may be changed by adjustment of saidplug, said sleeve having a shoulder facing. its outer end, and a capthreaded over the outer end of said sleeve and fitted againstsaidshoulder for concealing said plug and sealing the outer end of saidsleeve, the outer end of said sleeve being slit for some distance fromsaid outer end toward said shoulder, and the threads on said cap beingsomewhat convergingly tapered toward the closedend of the cap, wherebywhen said cap is threaded over the slit end of said sleeve it will flexthe sections at said slit end inwardly to tightly grip said plug, andsaid cap will be held against turning.

15. A stabilizer comprising a casing divided into separate compartments,a displacement member in one of said compartments for displacing a fluidtherein in alternate directions, said casing having passages betweensaid compartments for conducting displaced fluid to and from the otherof said compartments which may serve as a reservoir, a sleeve threadedinto said casing, a plug threaded into said sleeve for adjustment intoand out of the same, a valve element at the inner end of said sleeve andcontrolling fluid flow through one of said passages, a spring compressedbetween said plug and said valve member, whereby the compression on saidvalve member may be changed by adjustment of said plug, said sleevehaving a shoulder facing its outer end, and a cap threaded over theouter end of said sleeve and fitted against said shoulder for concealingsaid plug and sealing the outer end of said sleeve, said casing'having aport connecting the inner end of said sleeve with said reservoir,whereby any leakage past said valve member into said sleeve may flowinto said reservoir.

16. A stabilizer comprising a casing, a

partition extending across the interior of the casing, said casinghaving apertures at points of abutment between the casing and saidpartition, a tubular element extending into said casing through andclosing the aperture and anchoring the partition to said casing, apiston working in said casing, said partition having passages leadingfrom opposite sides of said piston, and a valve element in I eachtubular element extending into one of said assages and controlling fluidflow theret rough.

17. A stabilizer comprising acasing, a partition extending across theinterior of the casing, said casing having apertures at points ofabutment between the casing and said partition, a tubular elementextending into said casing through and closing the aperture andanchoring the partition to said casing, a piston working in said casing,said partition having passages leading from opposite sides of saidpiston, a valve in each tubular element and extending into andcontrolling fluid flow in one of said passages, one of said valves beingmovable within its related tubular element to restrict variably fluidflow through that passage, a spring in said related tubular elementyieldingly urging the movable valve therein in a direction to close said.passage against fluid flow therethrough, whereby when the pressure inthe passage with the movable valve reaches a selected limit, saidmovable valve'will move in its related passage against said spring .topermit increased fluid flow in that passage.

18. A stabilizer comprising a casing, a partition extending across theinterior of the casing, said casing having apertures at points ofabutment between the casing and said partition, a tubular elementextending into said casing through and closing the aperture andanchoring the partition to said casing, a piston working in said casing,said partition having passages leading from opposite sides of saidpiston, .a valve in each tubular elemefit and extending into and con-.trolling fluid flow in one of said passages, one of said valves beingmovable within its related tubular element to restrict variably fluidflow through that passage, a spring in said related tubular elementyieldingly urging the movable valve thereinin a direction to close saidpassage against fluid flow therethrough, whereby when the pressure inthe passage with the movable valve reaches a selected limit, saidmovable valve will move in its related passage against said spring topermit increased fluid flow in that passage, said tubular element withthe movable valve having an adjustable abutment to vary the resistanceoffered by said spring to opening movements of the movable valve.

19. A stabilizer comprising a casing, a piston working in said casing, apassage con- I trolling the escape of a fluid compressed by said piston,a sleeve extending into said casing and anchored thereto, a valveelement at the inner end of said sleeve having a por-' tion extendinginto said assage to control variably fluid flow therearough andoperable, by pressure created in said passage by said piston, in adirection to permit increased flow through said passage, a plug in theouter end of said sleeve and adjustable in .a direction lengthwisethereof, a spring in said sleeve interposed'between said plug and saidvalve for urging said valve yieldingly in a closing direction, theadjustment of said plu varying the pressure of said s ring on sai valve,and a cap threaded over e outer end of said sleeve and contactin withsaid sleeve to seal the outer end of sad sleeve.

' 0 ihstable' in a direction lengthwise thereof,

20. A stabilizer comprising a easing, a" piston working insaid casin apassage con-, trolling the escape of a flui compressed by said piston, asleeve extending into said casing and anchored thereto, a valve elementat theinner end of said sleevezhaving .-a

portion extending into said passage to con- 'trol variably fluid flowtherethrough and operable, by pressure created in said passage by saidpiston,in a'direction to permitincreased flow through said passa e, alug in the outer end of said sleeve an ad- -a spring in said sleeveinterposed between plug and said valve for urging said valve yieldinglyin a closing direction, the

adjustment of said plug varying the pressure of said spring on saidvalve, and a cap threaded over the outer, end of said sleeve H andcontacting with said sleeve to seal'the 1 displacement element movableack and forth outer end of said sleeve, said sleeve being slit for somedistancefrom' its outer end, and the threads in said cap beingconvergingly tapered toward the closed end of the cap, whereby when thecap is threaded over the, slit end of the sleeve, it will contract theouter end of the sleeve into tightly gripping engagement with said plug.7

21. A stabilizer comprisin a cas' a in said casing to compress a fluid,said casing ha a assage through which the feud compresse .moves, asleeve extending through said casing and communicating with 1 I saidpassa e, a tubular cap threaded to said sleeve, an 'closing the outerend thereof,

a valve element in said passage controlling fluid flow through thatassage and a s acting between said va ve elenient am'fsaid cap to holdsaid valve element yieldingly and normally in one osition.

ADOL H W F. a s

" ZEL.

